Carolina Matthews

t h o u g h t s

Category : Education

Some facets of being a teacher

The other day, talking to teachers I work with, I stated a few lessons I learned concerning parent-teacher relationships. One of the key enlightenments I had, in my opinion, was to realize that parents are supposed to advocate for their child, and the teacher’s job is to take their experience in and respond with understanding and with actions as much as possible. I still get annoyed by some situations when I am overloaded with work and a parent brings up something like a toy that has been lost – when the school policy is to keep toys at home to begin with. In moments like this I need to remind myself that teaching is not really about the subject, but about the learning that happens when dealing with the subject. Having that idea permeating my philosophy and my actions as a teacher turns the toy situation into a teaching moment when rules, responsibility, and search strategies can be discussed and exercised. Furthermore, the importance of the lost object for the child does not change just because the school wants the object to stay out of its grounds, so there is suffering that needs to be understood rather than yelled upon.

The down side of this whole ideal is that I find myself juggling priorities: the child who has no autonomy to change clothes when wet, the child who does not join the group, the child who speaks too softly, the child whose parents are divorcing, the child who is regressing because of a younger sibling… That, as well, is part of being a teacher: to teach the whole child, conflicts and all.

Reading teacher

Gratifying job

Since November I have been working in an elementary school as a reading teacher – an incredibly gratifying job.

In the small groups I lead, I have the chance to witness children breaking through their roadblocks and growing noticeably.

Growth

Recently I shared with one of my groups the growth in their reading levels since we started working together about three weeks ago. I was excited when I found out about their progress the day before, but my face just smiled involuntarily seeing the glow in theirs as they realized their own competence.

These students still have a long road ahead of them to catch up with their grade-level peers, but moving from a “barely reading K” level to an “I can read some stories” level is a huge accomplishment for a struggling 3rd grader.

The love of reading

Most of all, I am successfully reaching my goal of instilling the love of reading into their young hearts and minds. Each day I bring a new book that made me think of one of them, the others bombard me with requests, and they all eagerly browse the piles of new reads I bring on Mondays to add to their collection.

Keep them reading

Today, as I assessed a student’s reading using running records on a book added to his collection yesterday, I was interrupted by all his connections and questions, theories and responses. I did not finish the running records, but I do not really mind – that can be done later. I gained something of higher value: a clear communication that I am on the right path with the books I have been bringing him – books that will keep him hooked, keep him interested, keep him sharing, and keep him reading.

Sad News

About a month ago, as I excitedly shared with a friend my journey of writing a children’s picture cookbook, I learned that “the New York Times had an article according to which picture books are over”.

I argued that it was not possible, picture books are a fundamental part of learning how to read, and pictures play a key role in supporting young readers’ feeling of success when pretend-reading, etc. He forwarded me the link to the article so, as soon as he left, I ran to the computer to read it.

As it turns out, picture books sales have been slowing down, and the article writer, Julie Bosman, assembles a range of information to try to paint a picture of what is happening to cause that. One of her findings was that  ”Parents have begun pressing their kindergartners and first graders to leave the picture book behind and move on to more text-heavy chapter books.”

Although there was an incredibly long thread of responses from parents arguing that it is the schools’ fault, a few days after reading this article, I had an interaction with a 1st grader that saddened me.

A Light from the Field

Subbing in a charter school where reading is experienced workshop style, during which children have freedom to choose books that are ‘just right’ for them, I noticed one particular boy holding a chapter book in his hands. He had the bookmark somewhere around the first third of the book, but it seemed to me that he was just staring at the pages. I walked around, helping students get settled in reader’s workshop, supporting children who needed to make a choice of a book to read, or who had questions. After five minutes, that boy asked to go to the restroom. I granted permission, he returned a few minutes later.

As sharing is a big part of the reading experience, like Debbie Miller, Ruth Routman and others advocate, buddy reading is encouraged in the workshop approach. About ten minutes into independent reading, I announced that if they wanted to read with a friend, they could. The same boy, chapter book in hands, asked to go to the restroom again. That’s when I connected the dots.

I told him he would need to wait until recess, which would happen in another ten minutes. I added that he had two choices: he could find a quiet space to keep reading his book, or he could find a buddy to read with. I asked what his book was about, and he seemed to know, so I suggested: “How about you read to me? I would love to be your buddy and hear some of that story.” My experience with first and second graders has shown me they LOVE reading to an adult, they glow as if it is a privilege that a grown up is listening to them tell a story rather than the other way around. His response, however: “I… I can’t read this book.”

Where is the pressure coming from?

My heart sunk to think that this boy spent some fifteen minutes holding in his hands a book he could not read while everyone else engrossed in adventures and discoveries. I began to wonder where the pressure came from – it sure was not from the teacher: there were plenty of books leveled for less fluent students, who actually seemed quite proud and possessive of the book boxes that were, as they told me, “just for us”.

One of the mishaps of being a sub is that we take part in one chapter of children’s lives, which makes it difficult to really support their evolution and growth. Without the full story, I can only  hypothesize contingencies that led this boy to choose a book he cannot read.

With an understanding of the school’s and teacher’s policies concerning reading, I could easily fall in the trap of blaming the parents for forcing an early maturation of their child. However, as much as children are usually quick to embrace learning adventures, around the age of 5 they also become painfully self-conscious, if not about reading, about their performance in sports, or about whether their tooth fell off like others in their group or not. The consequence is that, if a friend moves on to chapter books because it is his interest and it falls into his reading ability, the other friend who is not thoroughly supported and valued for where he is in his own reading development will feel lessened. The same will happen if this child does not loose a tooth when his friend does.

What I learned from it

I don’t think that this picture book issue is about assigning blame; I see it as an alert.

As a reading teacher, my job just gained a new perspective: to advocate for the different styles of reading, and for the various types of writing. A novel is not a better book than a philosophy book, they serve different purposes. The same way, a child who reads pictures has different skills than the child who reads words. As Julie Bosman puts it: “Literacy experts are quick to say that picture books are not for dummies. Publishers praise the picture book for the particular way it can develop a child’s critical thinking skills.”

That does not mean one type of reader will not learn what the other knows, but as a teacher my role is to stimulate them to share with one another the treasures of their knowledge and to support both to grow as much as they can in all areas, to develop as complete, rich, beautiful human beings. In their pace, using their skills.

In “real life”, I proofread what my husband writes, and he helps me overcome my technological roadblocks. We learn from one another, but my strength is the word, and his is the programming.

Yay for Healthy School Lunches!

From Bronx.org

I just read an article about a cool project in action in some American schools: cooking healthy food from scratch and banning fast food items from the lunch menu.

We have seen it before

That initiative was seen years ago in England with Jamie Oliver when he took over a small town and reformed the lunches.

Jamie argued, though, that to win this battle it would be necessary to veto certain lunches from home. The efforts to prepare a healthy lunch are useless if children bring goldfish and twinkies in their lunchboxes. That means parents and the community must be involved in the project to assure its success.

What “Chefs move to schools” is doing

In that front, the “Chefs move to schools” initiative described in the article brings an important layer to the table: in addition to the presence of gourmet chefs in the school cafeteria, schools are offering cooking lessons for the children after school, and also for the parents, helping these families find ways to eat healthily within a budget.

I think it could be easier

Apparently, some chefs – the article cites Telepan – are using their knowledge and talents to awaken children’s taste buds to the new flavors. However, one of the school chefs had the idea of serving steamed spinach right in the first week. I love spinach, but I have been eating it since the day I could eat solid foods. I believe that children who did not have such luck would be more likely to accept changes if they were not so contrasting. For example, start by offering oven-fried zucchini sticks, which would resemble french fries, but bring more vitamins, a different texture and flavor. Or bring something familiar, like broccoli, but steam it slightly to bring out its flavor, and – why not – add some garlic to enrich it.

There is just so much to introduce, and there are so many interesting, appealing ways to prepare the healthiest of vegetables, I think it is somewhat naive to expect children to just embark on the adventure of trying wilted leaves when they were used to fluffy white bread.

Here’s to the future!

All in all, I still love the initiative, and I am glad something is being done in some schools to improve health and habits. I really, really hope this becomes a national movement soon.

“Os efeitos da educação infantil na performance escolar”

Li ontem um artigo no Child Psychology Research Blog a respeito da importancia da Educação Infantil (ou creche). Para aqueles dentre nós que já trabalharam com crianças pequenas, essa importância não chega a ser novidade.
Me surpreendeu, porém, que a pesquisa discutida por Nestor Lopesz-Duran, PhD, revelou que o impacto na aprendizagem acadêmica ocorre de fato entre crianças cujos pais não têm um alto nível de educação formal. Em outras palavras, crianças de famílias com um histórico de ensino superior aparentemente não se beneficiam tanto – dentre essas crianças, a pesquisa não encontrou diferença significativa de aprendizagem entre aqueles que tiveram educação infantil e aqueles que não.
Tendo estudado e trabalhado como professora de Educação Infantil e como Psicanalista Infantil, entretanto, eu vejo este tema também sob outra perspectiva, uma perspectiva que tem sido gradualmente mais reconhecida entre aqueles que se preocupam com a educação nos Estados Unidos.

“Fazendo as pazes”

Na revista Instructor de maio/junho de 2010, Samantha Cleaver revelou uma nova tendência nas escolas públicas americanas: ensinar educação socio-emocional. Segundo ela, escolas estão começando a perceber que problemas de comportamento frequentemente diminuem quando há uma dedicação sistematica de tempo para ajudar as crianças a lidar com conflitos, tendo ainda o benefício de melhorar a aprendizagem geral do aluno e subir as notas em testes – chave para fazer funcionar a política educational americana.
Cleaver encontrou e conversou com diversas pessoas envolvidas em movimentos, associações e organizações que promovem, ensinam e apóiam a Educação Social Emocional. Em alguns estados, inclusive, a Educação Social Emocional já faz parte das diretrizes educacionais.

O que eu penso

Lendo a respeito de como as crianças aprendem a interpretar intenções e sentimentos através de ilustrações em livros infantis para poderem entender melhor os sentimentos dos outros, de como aprendem a resolver problemas em vez de ignorar seus conflitos, e como a linguagem e comunicação têm um papel importante no processo de Educação Social Emocional, não pude deixar de pensar: Mas é ISSO que ensinamos na Educação Infantil!!
Voltando ao começo deste artigo, quando comento a discussão de Dr. Lopez-Duran: A pesquisa comprovou que o maior impacto da Educação Infantil no SUCESSO ACADEMICO ocorreu em crianças cujos pais tinham menos educação formal. Eu pergunto, porém, se há uma pesquisa que de conta da APRENDIZAGEM SOCIAL EMOCIONAL e sua relação com a Educação Infantil. Eu arrisco dizer que faz uma diferença enorme, sem relação alguma com a história educacional dos pais.

**

Cleaver, S. (2010). Making peace: Why social and emotional learning has to come first. Instructor. Scholastic:New York.
Lopez-Duran, N (2010). Day care and school readiness. Retrieved from http://www.child-psych.org/2010/10/day-care-and-school-readiness-closing-the.html

“Daycare effects on school performance”

Yesterday I read an article in the Child Psychology Research Blog about the importance of daycare: “Is daycare good for my child? Daycare effects on school performance”.

To those of us who have worked with young children and who have studied Early Childhood Education and Child Psychology, that is not really a new finding. What surprised me, however, was that the research discussed by Nestor Lopez-Duran, PhD, found that the impact on academic learning really happens between children whose parents do not have a lot of schooling. In other words, children from families with a history of higher education apparently do not benefit as much – the research found no significant academic difference between those who attended daycare and those who did not.

Having taught in Early Childhood settings and having worked as a child psychoanalyst, however, I see the theme from another perspective as well, a perspective that is becoming increasingly acknowledged among those who care about education.

“Making peace”

On the end-of-school-year issue of Instructor Magazine, Samantha Cleaver revealed a new trend in public schools around the United States: teaching social and emotional learning skills. According to her, schools are beginning to realize behavior problems often decrease when time is systematically dedicated to helping children deal with conflicts, with the added benefit of also increasing overall learning and test scores – which is the key to motivate policy makers to adhere to any idea related to education.
Cleaver found and talked with a number of people involved in movements, associations, and organizations who promote, teach and offer guidance in Social and Emotional Learning (SEL). Even some states, like Illinois, begin to include SEL in their teaching standards.

What I think

As I read all about how children are taught to interpret intentions and feelings through illustrations in stories so they can relate to others, how they learn to problem-solve rather than ignore a conflict, and how language and communication play an important part on the whole SEL process, I could not help but think: THAT’s what we teach in Preschool!!!
Now, circling back to the beginning of this article, when I mention Dr. Lopez-Duran’s discussion: The research found that the largest impact of Preschool on ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT was in children whose parents had less formal education. I wonder, however, if there is research on SOCIAL EMOTIONAL LEARNING and Preschool. I risk to say it makes a huge difference, unrelated to parents’ educational background.

**

References

Cleaver, S. (2010). Making peace: Why social and emotional learning has to come first. Instructor. Scholastic:New York.
Lopez-Duran, N (2010). Day care and school readiness. Retrieved from http://www.child-psych.org/2010/10/day-care-and-school-readiness-closing-the.html

Undying Passion

CHANGE OF PACE

I have been teaching, mainly preschool and early elementary, for over 10 years, and I always gave my heart, soul, mind and time to the school and the children I worked with. I looked at the world and at diverse situations in my life searching for ways to enhance my teaching and the lives of those I worked with – adults and children.

In Brazil I worked in the same school for 7 years. Although my occupation changed every other year or so, I worked with the same professionals, I was able to grow with the school, and become part of the culture driving the education there. I learned a lot, and I believe my input also helped the school grow. Working at a place without committing to that level feels incomplete, and my current contingencies indicate that such is the case.

As I approach the 40s I wonder if I can dedicate the same energy I have before, which in my perception is key to being a decent educator. The idea that I might not be able to do it to my content leads me to consider not becoming responsible for a classroom full of children as a lead teacher.

OTHER ISSUES

After I spent three months developing myself as a writer, the thought of being in the same place, at the same time, with the same people day after day seems imprisoning. In addition, dealing with the egos of teachers who compete instead of cooperating, and having to sacrifice and bend my core beliefs in the name of an institution stalls personal and professional growth and bitterns my life.

SPEAKING OF PERSONAL GROWTH

On the sweet side, my husband and I have been discussing the idea of becoming parents. This decision cannot wait much, considering my age. Being a parent, much like being a professional, requires a huge dedication to be done to my standards. I do not see myself not working to become a full-time mom and housewife, but I do hope I can have a job that allows me flexibility and time to dedicate to my family.

UNDYING PASSION

On the other hand, each and every time I engage in conversations about education and early childhood, I get excited, inflamed, my heart races and my voice raises – clear symptoms of passion. Leaving all that behind feels like a waste, and would cause an important part of my life to wilt. I wonder what options are out there for me to keep feeding from and giving to this cause impacts me that deeply.

POSSIBILITIES

A few days ago I received an email from my professor from George Fox. She shared with me the news of an Early Childhood Education “colligation” that will meet in Portland for the first time in October. I am fearful of not having much to add, and of being the only one there who is not in a classroom, but this seems like a wonderful opportunity to help me find out what else I could do to put my passion to service, as well as learn more about Reggio Emilia and the Portland schools who are inspired by that philosophy.

Changes are difficult and anxiety-generating, but they are also exciting for bringing possibilities of self-betterment.

The Book in the Works

Having decided to write the recipe book, my first measure was to ship to a few friends with children the original picture recipes I had already created, looking for some feedback that would help me polish them visually and flavor-wise.

From all the people I contacted, my cousin has been an incredible partner, trying out the recipes with her 2-year-old, using her best judgment as a Mom, her knowledge of human development as a Psychoanalist, and her great taste as a woman. She brought to my attention that, however age-appropriate my recipes may be, the bland printed version I use as a teacher is not really marketable comparing to the bells and whistles of children’s cookbooks found in stores.

Bearing that in mind, and following her suggestion, I decided to find some happily colored bowls, measuring utensils, and flatware to illustrate my book – immediately thinking Ikea.

Lots of Work During Vacation Time

I had no time to deal with that, however, because hubby and I went to New York, then Watertown for vacation and family time. While in Watertown, I spent nights typing and revising recipes. My mother-in-law, who is a lover of the English language and who used to teach it, helped me assure clarity and precision in the use of terms, such as ‘rinse’ instead of ‘wash’ when referring to vegetables.

I have to admit that the same ‘bells and whistles’ I was the least worried about at first ended up becoming one of my favorite pastimes! I can spend hours thinking, planning, and creating backgrounds and color schemes for each recipe, enjoying each second of it.

Lots of Work Returning Home

Because the layout can be done from anywhere in the world on my laptop, as soon as I arrived home I decided to leave that fun for later and ride with what was ready. I rushed to Ikea and a couple other stores to find the needed child-friendly utensils, and started preparing each recipe, taking pictures of the steps.

One idea I came up with – which found supporters in Watertown – is to provide the book as a package, with all the utensils that will be needed to realize the 10 recipes in it. My supporters’ perspective is that it will make it easier for the adult, who will be relieved from the task of coming up with safe materials for the child to manipulate. My idea is that it will make it easier for the child, who will be able to follow the images to the ‘t’, from the color of the bowl to the cookie cuttermold with a soft top for handling.

Although I am having a great time as I develop this book, I thought it would take less time. I am becoming increasingly demanding with the quality of the pictures, which is making me re-take several of them and spend a great deal of time editing them to detach the object from the background – all in the name of clarity.

More to come!

Next week I fly to Brazil. I can’t wait to introduce some of these recipes to my nephew, niece and little cousins and see what they can do with them!

Not from a box

Having just finished my Masters of Arts in Teaching, I am currently between school and work. Being summer and all, finding a teaching job in a grade school is nearly impossible. As a result, I oscillate between being discouraged and dedicating all the attention I neglected to direct at our home during the final months of my Masters: the floors are now always shining, the laundry is (almost) always folded in the drawers, the cars are washed whenever there is sun… But I still feel unproductive because I am not really helping with bills.

Two days ago, however, the light came through a suggestion from Hubby: “Why don’t you take this time and finish your book?”

The background

In 2003 I started teaching cooking to children in a bilingual school in Sao Paulo, Brazil. My students ranged from 4-12 years of age, and each lesson was planned with their abilities in mind, intellectual as well as physical.

As I became more aware about the advantages of introducing the wonders of cooking in a learning environment, I grew increasingly serious about the materials I wanted to use. I designed a program that would evolve as children did, beginning with basic concepts such as pouring, stirring, adding, and recognizing simple ingredients such as flour, water, milk, sugar, etc., and evolving towards measuring and independently preparing the recipes. In 1st grade children were becoming familiar with the differences among chopping, dicing, and slicing, and developing the motor skills to perform each one of these safely. Second graders started to work more emphatically with pre-defined tasks in small groups, making sure everyone had the experiences as a reader, a leader, a measurer, a mixer, a washer and a fetcher before anyone repeated a task. In 3rd grade I guided children through more complex ideas, such as problem-solving how to divide the work or how to prepare a recipe that calls for 2 eggs when you have only 1 per group. The 4rth graders had the most autonomy of all: after learning about certain types of food they were asked to research, choose and prepare a recipe with their group, and we celebrated by sharing the results and voting their favorite.

In every grade, understanding the ‘genre’ recipe was key and, right next to safety and hygiene, it took the center of the stage often at the beginning of each class. I insist that students read the whole recipe from beginning to end before engaging in the cooking. Besides practicing reading, this habit prevents cooks from starting a recipe and having to run out of the house mid-cooking to buy some ingredient they are short of. Also, it gives the chance to clarify doubts before reaching the point of not knowing what to do with that yeast that is not ‘foaming’.

The role of recipes in my classes

Working with all levels of students, and different levels of readers, I learned to differentiate language as well as layout of the recipes I offered them. After researching a lot, I realized cookbooks written for children are actually written for adults to cook with children, or for very literate children.

Since the kind of cooking I wanted to offer was not the ‘kid friendly let’s decorate a box cake with candy’ kind, but rather the ‘let’s learn something healthy and culturally worthy’ kind, I needed reading to be a tool rather than a challenge.

I began using the internet to find images, and often times I drew my own pictures – especially the ones referring to actions – using the very limited drawing programs available to me at the time. I added the pictures to the recipes and left the instructions or ingredients list as subtitles to my beginning readers, and used fewer illustrations as the age and the reading ability advanced.

Now about the book

I am not precisely sure of when I became passionate about the process of learning to read and write. Books were dear friends in my adolescence, but I remember always having books around as a younger child. I remember being read to, and enjoying pictures of specific books. Despite that, not everyone who has good personal experiences with reading and writing becomes an advocate for literacy.

Maybe my ability to speak different languages and my firm notion that the language we speak is directly related to the way we experience the world and build our thoughts also plays an important part in my strong feelings about the importance of fostering literacy from a young age.

More than any of the above – or more as a consequence of both – I believe that the ability to produce and to decipher print, as well as the recognition of its uses and its value, brings enormous freedom and autonomy, which are the core of my teaching philosophy. I chose to be a teacher to help children become lords of themselves, directors of their own scenes, chefs of their own kitchens.

One of the ways I can do that indirectly – meaning, not being in the classroom with each and every child – is by writing a book that will allow them to practice autonomy, mathematics, science, and early literacy skills while they prepare their own food from scratch. Not from a box.

- more to come later about the book -

new season

I started thinking about the garden again. Beds are being dug, weeds are being pulled out, seeds are being sown. One of the beauties of living in a temperate zone is the very evident difference among seasons. The yearly death of trees, flowers, and bushes saddens me as much as their rebirth fills my heart with joy. The first sprouts in March never fail to put a smile on my face, and each year I decide I will find time and energy to be a good gardener.

This year the new season brings something else that is new: a professional life for me. Now, for the first time since I moved to Portland, I will be a ‘grown up’. No longer on a visa, no longer a student.

Growing up has its advantages and its shortcomings. With the freedom to work and make a living comes the responsibility to work and make a living. I have always been one to believe that work and fun must be synonyms for a fulfilling life. That is still my philosophy, but some ideas need revision. As with other matters, when weighing pros and cons, compromising proves to be key.

Yesterday I spent the day at the child center where I was working four months ago, a job I needed to leave to student teach in public schools as a requirement for the Master of Arts in Teaching program I am about to graduate from. My heart filled with the joy of being around the children, around MY students again, and I feel excited to be part of their lives for another four months until they graduate preschool. Work, just as relationships of any kind, always brings challenges, but the gains of sharing their joy as they find their way, their words, and their interests, surpasses little annoyances.

As I sat on the carpet to read to them or to listen to their tales, it felt as if the four months I have been away on my ‘sabbatical’ had not passed. I was really surprised, because four months in their lives is a long time; four months to a four year old child is equivalent to three years to a thirty seven year old adult – about one tenth of their life.

However, the enchantment of working with such young people and to be part of their first learnings is much more rewarding than the effective salary paid for that important job, which is saddening. No matter how I feel about financial compensation, at the end of the day it does matter. It allows me to hire someone to weed my garden so I can grow the flowers I want to beautify my home, it allows me to offer myself and my husband more than the basics when it comes to food and material possessions, it allows me to send gifts to my loved ones in Brasil and to visit them. And it allows me to do a better job at work because my personal life is fulfilled, I am rested and pleased, and I have mental space to increment the basic requirements with love and creativity. When I write about compromise, then, I refer to teaching grade school because I need to earn more to earn a better living – thus allowing me to teach better.

To think about being a grade school teacher, on the other hand, is to give it a chance to surprise me, to give those children the opportunity to share with me their hopes of learning and experimenting, just as Saint-Exupéry’s Little Prince allows the weeds to grow enough to decide whether they will bring joy or hardship before deciding whether to care for them with all his will or to yank them from the ground.

Surprised already, I realize grade school expands the preschool teaching of life skills. It brings along the opportunity to work with reading and writing like I never did before, deeply supporting these young learners to independently make sense of the world around them. The more I give room in my heart for teaching the not-so-young children in Kindergarten and first grade, the fonder I grow of this idea and the possibilities around it.

Even as I begin to see myself as a grade school teacher, though, my core belief is still grounded in Early Childhood Education: work and pleasure go hand in hand, an idea unfortunately very disconnected from formal schooling. By pleasure, however, I do not mean idle fun, empty laughter. I mean deep joy of personal realization, of students learning they can: they can read, they can count, they can understand causes and consequences, they can document their learning to help understand it better and to share it with the world.

The key in this perspective is to permit and support children to figure out their own questions, to help them organize their thoughts, and to propose the tools for them to find answers. I trust that when children have a say in their learning, when their interests guide the teacher, the chores become challenges they actually want to surpass, and education earns the purpose it should have in the first place: to allow each one of us to conquer goals we set ourselves to.

With a lighter heart I come to the conclusion that when the focus is self realization – through Reading, Math, Gardening or College, the age of the learner matters very little. We are – and should be – forever overcoming obstacles and adding layers to our body of knowledge, and we all can use help seeing beyond our boundaries if we wish to one day get to the other side. To help others keep moving, in my opinion, is the job of a good teacher.

Thanks, Naninha, for the inspiration and the push to keep moving =)